Summary of Research (accumulated at the time of journal submission): n=128
Intervention: Steps to Economic and Personal Success® (STEPS®) produced by The Pacific Institute® LLC (Seattle, WA)
Criminogenic Thinking Scales (CTS) showed statistically significant decreases:
- Entitlement (-6.23%)
- Justification (-20.57%)
- Personal Irresponsibility (-13.27%)
- Power Orientation (-16.24%)
- Cold Heartedness (-9.07%)
- Criminal Rationalization (-12.92%)
Additional Research Findings (n=128)
State Hope Scale (SHS) showed statistically significant increases:
- Agency (+17.5%)
- Pathways (+14%)
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale showed a statistically significant increase:
- Esteem (+14.5%)
Consideration of Future Consequences showed a statistically significant increase:
- CFC (+15.5%)
Of the 128 adult males studied, 102 had been incarcerated for at least one (1) year prior to the STEPS intervention and remained incarcerated at least one (1) year post STEPS® intervention. Infraction (an offense occurring while incarcerated) data showed that 80% of these subjects had been infraction free for a minimum of one year since participation in the intervention. These individuals are considered to have achieved desistance (arriving at a state of permanent non-offending behavior).